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Bahia vai produzir combustível verde a partir do lixo

Você já imaginou que o lixo que você produz todos os dias poderia se transformar em combustível para aviões, carros e até mesmo gerar energia elétrica? Pois essa é a proposta da empresa norte-americana Shift ...
Eliseu Lins, da Agência NE9
6 de outubro de 2023 - às 08:59
Atualizado 6 de outubro de 2023 - às 08:59
5 min de leitura
A Bahia também receberá a primeira biorrefinaria de milho do Brasil.
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Você já imaginou que o lixo que você produz todos os dias poderia se transformar em combustível para aviões, carros e até mesmo gerar energia elétrica? Pois essa é a proposta da empresa norte-americana Shift Energy Holdings, que assinou um protocolo com o governo da Bahia para implantar uma tecnologia pioneira no estado: a biorrefinaria de resíduos sólidos.

A biorrefinaria é uma planta industrial que utiliza resíduos orgânicos e não orgânicos, como papéis, plásticos, papelão e restos de alimentos, como matérias-primas para produzir biocombustíveis, energia elétrica e outros produtos e subprodutos, inclusive o hidrogênio verde, considerado o combustível do futuro.

Investimento de R$ 200 milhões

O projeto, que tem um investimento de R$ 200 milhões, visa erradicar os lixões no estado, que causam contaminação dos solos e recursos hídricos, além de riscos à saúde pública. Além disso, contribui para a redução do aquecimento global, pois evita a emissão de gases de efeito estufa provenientes da decomposição do lixo.

“A Bahia vai sair na frente”, destaca o secretário do Meio Ambiente do estado, Eduardo Sodré. “Não estamos apenas desenvolvendo a solução para acabar com os lixões nos municípios, mas também contribuindo de forma decisiva na transição energética para uma matriz mais limpa e renovável”.

Os lixões têm sido um problema atual das grandes e médias cidades.

A iniciativa é fruto de uma parceria entre a Secretaria de Ciência, Tecnologia e Inovação (Secti) e a Shift Energy Holdings, que tem como sócios o brasileiro naturalizado norte-americano Rodney Alves e o americano Adrian Tylim. A empresa foi fundada em 2014 na Califórnia e tem parcerias com renomadas instituições dos Estados Unidos, como a Universidade de Houston e o OAK National Laboratory.

“Nosso know-how é resultado de extensas pesquisas e acesso a tecnologias modernas e ambientalmente seguras, devidamente testadas, para produção de combustíveis sustentáveis”, explica Rodney Alves, CEO da companhia.

Visão estratégica

No Brasil, a empresa vai realizar as pesquisas a partir do Parque Tecnológico da Bahia, por meio de uma parceria com o governo do Estado. “A infraestrutura e o apoio oferecidos pelo Estado foram fundamentais para a decisão de escolher o Parque Tecnológico da Bahia para ser nossa sede no Brasil”, explica o empresário.

“Outro fator decisivo é o fato de as políticas públicas do governo da Bahia, assim como a visão estratégica do governador Jerônimo Rodrigues, estarem alinhadas com os propósitos da Shift Energy. Isso se traduz na promoção de um desenvolvimento capaz de conjugar crescimento econômico e qualidade de vida para todos, sem colocar em risco o meio ambiente”, diz Rodney Alves.

A Bahia também receberá a primeira biorrefinaria de milho do Brasil.

A biorrefinaria desenvolvida pela empresa se destaca por alcançar um ciclo completo sem deixar impactos ambientais. Ela conta com componentes tecnológicos exclusivos e um protocolo que garante emissões zero durante a transformação de resíduos em novos produtos.

A água acumulada na coletada dos resíduos é reciclada e reutilizada no processo produtivo e a energia elétrica consumida é produzida pela própria planta, que gera excedentes comercializáveis.

Segundo o secretário da Secti, André Joazeiro, a solução trazida pela empresa retira o custo dos municípios com a destinação final do lixo. “O lucro da empresa operadora vem da venda dos produtos resultantes do processo de refino, sobretudo combustíveis verdes, com destaque para o querosene de aviação”, explica.

“As prefeituras deixam de ter custo com a destinação final do lixo”, acrescenta o gestor estadual.

A tabela abaixo mostra a produção de lixo nas principais cidades baianas.

Município Lixo declarado em 2019 (toneladas) Situação dos lixões
Salvador 1.200.000 Aterro sanitário
Feira de Santana 300.000 Lixão a céu aberto
Vitória da Conquista 150.000 Lixão a céu aberto
Camaçari 120.000 Aterro sanitário
Juazeiro 90.000 Lixão a céu aberto
Outros 1.140.000 Lixão a céu aberto
Total 3.000.000

Esses dados foram estimados com base nas informações disponíveis no site do IBGE.

Com a implantação da biorrefinaria, a expectativa é que esse cenário mude radicalmente, trazendo benefícios ambientais, sociais e econômicos para o estado e para a população.

Quais os benefícios da biorrefinaria?

  • Redução da poluição e do aquecimento global, pois evita a emissão de gases de efeito estufa provenientes da decomposição do lixo nos lixões a céu aberto.
  • Produção de combustíveis verdes, como o querosene de aviação, que têm menor impacto ambiental do que os combustíveis fósseis e podem contribuir para a transição energética para uma matriz mais limpa e renovável.
  • Geração de energia elétrica a partir do lixo, que pode ser usada pela própria planta ou vendida para a rede, aumentando a oferta e a diversidade de fontes energéticas.
  • Reciclagem e reutilização da água acumulada na coleta dos resíduos, que é tratada e devolvida ao processo produtivo, economizando recursos hídricos e evitando desperdícios.
  • Criação de empregos e renda para os trabalhadores envolvidos na coleta, separação, transporte e processamento dos resíduos, além dos profissionais que atuam na operação e manutenção da biorrefinaria.
  • Eliminação dos custos dos municípios com a destinação final do lixo, que passam a receber uma contrapartida financeira pela entrega dos resíduos à empresa operadora da biorrefinaria.
  • Melhoria da qualidade de vida da população, que deixa de conviver com os problemas sanitários, sociais e ambientais causados pelos lixões.

Eliseu Lins

Eliseu Lins é baiano de nascimento e paraibano de coração. Jornalista formado na UFPB, tem mais de 20 anos de atuação na imprensa do Nordeste. É pós-graduado em jornalismo cultural e ocupa o cargo de editor-chefe do NE9 desde 2022.